The area was part of the Roman rione of Borgo until 1929. The term also refers to the music they produced. This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. He or Constantine regionalised the administration of the empire which fundamentally changed the way it was governed by creating regional dioceses (the consensus seems to have shifted from 297 to 313/14 as the date of creation due to the argument of Constantin Zuckerman in 2002 "Sur la liste de Verone et la province de grande armenie, Melanges Gilber Dagron). [64] But not everything went well for the Church during the Counter-Reformation. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (est. The Metropolitan City of Rome province occupies a total geographical area of 5,352 square kilometres, including the city of Rome itself, the regional capital of Lazio. By far the most famous composer of the Roman School is Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, whose name has been associated for four hundred years with smooth, clear, polyphonic perfection. Rome developed greatly after the war as part of the "Italian economic miracle" of post-war reconstruction and modernisation in the 1950s and early 1960s. Rome has traditionally been involved in the process of European political integration. With 2,860,009 residents in 1,285km2 (496.1sqmi),[2] Rome is the country's most populated comune and the third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. There were setbacks in the attempts to assert the Church's power, a notable example being in 1773 when Pope Clement XIV was forced by secular powers to have the Jesuit order suppressed.[64]. In the territory there are several lakes, almost all of volcanic origin, which are concentrated in the north-west of the mountains and Sabatini in the south-east of the Colli Albani. No! In 2019, Rome was the 14th most visited city in the world, with 8.6 million tourists, the third most visited city in the European Union, and the most popular tourist destination in Italy. This angered the people of the city, who then unroofed the building where they met and imprisoned them until they had nominated the new pope; this marked the birth of the conclave. Before the arrival of the Christians in Rome, the Religio Romana (literally, the "Roman Religion") was the major religion of the city in classical antiquity. The local administration in Rome is commonly referred to as "Campidoglio", the Italian name of the hill. [59] Subsequently, Rome was sacked and burned by the Normans under Robert Guiscard who had entered the city in support of the Pope, then besieged in Castel Sant'Angelo. Other statues in the city, which are not related to the talking statues, include those of the Ponte Sant'Angelo, or several monuments scattered across the city, such as that to Giordano Bruno in the Campo de'Fiori. [162] According to the City Brands Index, Rome is considered the world's second most historically, educationally and culturally interesting and beautiful city.[163]. Rome also has an opera house, the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, as well as several minor musical institutions. [14] In this way, Rome first became one of the major centres of the Renaissance[15] and then became the birthplace of both the Baroque style and Neoclassicism. During this period, the years of la dolce vita ("the sweet life"), Rome became a fashionable city, with popular classic films such as Ben Hur, Quo Vadis, Roman Holiday and La Dolce Vita filmed in the city's iconic Cinecitt Studios. [45], Christianity in the form of the Nicene Creed became the official religion of the empire in 380, via the Edict of Thessalonica issued in the name of three emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius I with Theodosius clearly the driving force behind it. He did away with democracy by 1926, eventually declaring a new Italian Empire and allying Italy with Nazi Germany in 1938. 1 mi Leaflet | Localities mindat.org, Base map OpenStreetMap The Sacrofano caldera Monte Cavalluccio, Campagnano di Roma, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Lazio, Italy Searching for minerals along the Fosso Attici Fosso Attici, Magliano Romano, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Lazio, Italy Biachella Valley [16] Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. [66] The popes and cardinals of the 17th and early 18th centuries continued the movement by having the city's landscape enriched with baroque buildings. Temperatures during these months generally vary between 10 and 15C (50 and 59F) during the day and between 3 and 5C (37 and 41F) at night, with colder or warmer spells occurring frequently. [165] and has been ranked among Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges. Mindat.org relies on your donations to survive click here to help today! Further, Rome hosted the 1991 EuroBasket and is home to the internationally recognised basketball team Virtus Roma. [90] According to Krautheimer it was still close to 800,000 in 400 AD; had declined to 500,000 by 452, and dwindled to perhaps 100,000 in 500 AD. Rome became a major gastronomical centre during the ancient age. The main airport system of the city (composed of Fiumicino and Ciampino), with 32.8 million passengers transported in 2022, is the second airport system in Italy after that of Milan with 42.2 million. On January 1, 2015 it replaced the abolished Province of Rome (1870-2014), including the territory of the city of Rome and 121 other municipalities (comuni) in the suburbs of the city. [60] However, his hopes were crushed by the French king Philip the Fair, who took him prisoner and killed him in Anagni. A third line, the C line, is under construction with an estimated cost of 3billion and will have 30 stations over a distance of 25.5km (16mi). [166] In order to decrease the overcrowding of La Sapienza, two new public universities were founded during the last decades: Tor Vergata in 1982, and Roma Tre in 1992. The most notable of these are the Villa Borghese, Villa Ada, and Villa Doria Pamphili. The A line opened in 1980 from Ottaviano to Anagnina stations, later extended in stages (19992000) to Battistini. Snowfall is rare but not unheard of, with light snow or flurries occurring on some winters, generally without accumulation, and major snowfalls on a very rare occurrence (the most recent ones were in 2018, 2012 and 1986). Starting at the end. [154] Rome later became a major centre of Renaissance art, since the popes spent vast sums of money for the constructions of grandiose basilicas, palaces, piazzas and public buildings in general. [61][62][63], In 1266, Charles of Anjou, who was heading south to fight the Hohenstaufen on behalf of the pope, was appointed Senator. Soon after World War I in late 1922 Rome witnessed the rise of Italian Fascism led by Benito Mussolini, who led a march on the city. [17] The host city for the 1960 Summer Olympics, Rome is also the seat of several specialised agencies of the United Nations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). A 3-line metro system called the Metropolitana operates in Rome. Rome is often referred to as the City of Seven Hills due to its geographic location, and also as the "Eternal City". Subsidized state grain distributions to the poorer members of society continued right through the sixth century and probably prevented the population from falling further. He was the last emperor of a unified empire: after his death in 395, his sons, Arcadius and Honorius divided the empire into a western and an eastern part. Today, the city is a major artistic centre, with numerous art institutes[157] and museums. [57], In 846, Muslim Arabs unsuccessfully stormed the city's walls, but managed to loot St. Peter's and St. Paul's basilica, both outside the city wall. [185] The most common or ancient Roman cuisine included the "fifth quarter". Lamb is also a very popular part of Roman cuisine, and is often roasted with spices and herbs.[185]. The town's name derives from the Latin nemus, or "holy wood". It is also the capital of the Lazio region, the centre of the Metropolitan City of Rome, and a special comune named Comune di Roma Capitale. [51] The figure of 450,000500,000 is based on the amount of pork, 3,629,000 lbs. [185] The old-fashioned coda alla vaccinara (oxtail cooked in the way of butchers)[185] is still one of the city's most popular meals and is part of most of Rome's restaurants' menus. [23] Nowadays, there is a wide consensus that the city developed gradually through the aggregation ("synoecism") of several villages around the largest one, placed above the Palatine. Modern Rome is also crossed by another river, the Aniene, which flows into the Tiber north of the historic centre. [49] However, the city gave an appearance overall of shabbiness and decay because of the large abandoned areas due to population decline. Though most famous for Christian burials, they include pagan and Jewish burials, either in separate catacombs or mixed together. With more than 4.3 million inhabitants, it is the third largest metropolitan city in Italy. During those years, the centre of the Italian Renaissance moved to Rome from Florence. The event never took place because of war, but the area was later partly redesigned and renamed EUR (Esposizione Universale di Roma: Rome Universal Exhibition) in the 1950s to serve as a modern business district. [3] Its metropolitan area is the third-most populous within Italy. With more than four million people living and working in an area of over five thousand square kilometres, it is the largest metropolitan city of Italy. Municipality of Tirana. The intercontinental Leonardo da Vinci International Airport is Italy's chief airport, is located within the nearby Fiumicino, south-west of Rome. During the pontificate of Pope Gregory I (590604), it may have reached 90,000, augmented by refugees. Catholics believe that the Vatican is the last resting place of St. Peter. I'd heard numerous people say that Rome is "just a big city", and in . The Villa Borghese garden is the best known large green space in Rome, with famous art galleries among its shaded walks. Numerous international companies and agencies headquarters, government ministries, conference centres, sports venues, and museums are located in Rome's principal business districts: the Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR); the Torrino (further south from the EUR); the Magliana; the Parco de' Medici-Laurentina and the so-called Tiburtina-valley along the ancient Via Tiburtina. [104], The medieval Roman dialect belonged to the southern family of Italian dialects, and was thus much closer to the Neapolitan language than to the Florentine. Neil Christie, From Constantine to Charlemagne, An Archaeology of Italy 300-800 A.D. 2006 p. 61. [57] Since this period, three powers tried to rule the city: the pope, the nobility (together with the chiefs of militias, the judges, the Senate and the populace), and the Frankish king, as king of the Lombards, patricius, and Emperor. Rome, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Italy See more photos PM Poolt Mart May 8, 2023 - Apr 19, 2024 Group size: 1 - 25 About this trip Rome is one of the most fascinating cities in the world, known for its ancient history, magnificent architecture, and delicious food. Among the global cities, Rome is unique in having two sovereign entities located entirely within its city limits, the Holy See, represented by the Vatican City State, and the territorially smaller Sovereign Military Order of Malta. [184], The Testaccio, Rome's trade and slaughterhouse area, was often known as the "belly" or "slaughterhouse" of Rome, and was inhabited by butchers, or vaccinari. The production team set up camp in the metropolitan city for three weeks in total, two in mid-May 2022 and one in mid-July 2022. the capital of the known world, an expression which had already been used in the Republican period. The population declined to 500,000 by 452 and 100,000 by 500 AD (perhaps larger, though no certain figure can be known). The Metropolitan City of Capital Rome is a local government authority comprising within its borders the territory of the City of Rome and 120 other municipalities. Rome then began a period characterised by internal struggles between patricians (aristocrats) and plebeians (small landowners), and by constant warfare against the populations of central Italy: Etruscans, Latins, Volsci, Aequi, and Marsi. Under extravagant and rich popes, Rome was transformed into a centre of art, poetry, music, literature, education and culture. 10 Most Popular Roman Meat Dishes - TasteAtlas What to eat in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital? These, in turn, boosted the development of trade with the Greek colonies of southern Italy (mainly Ischia and Cumae). Moreover, also modern English, because of the Norman Conquest, borrowed a large percentage of its vocabulary from the Latin language. Cycling was popular in the post-World War II period, although its popularity has faded. Most popular homes in Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Hungry Lions 2 guests 1 bedroom Monti, Rome Daffodil Blooms 4 guests 2 bedrooms Quartiere XIV Trionfale, Rome Mint Humbug 6 guests 3 bedrooms Colonna, City of Rome, Rome Kalos Reach 2 guests 1 bedroom Rione IV Campo Marzio, Rome [11] It was first called The Eternal City (Latin: Urbs Aeterna; Italian: La Citt Eterna) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression was also taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy. Rate it Wanna try? [59] Pope Lucius II fought against the Roman commune, and the struggle was continued by his successor Pope Eugenius III: by this stage, the commune, allied with the aristocracy, was supported by Arnaldo da Brescia, a monk who was a religious and social reformer. Today Rome is circled, at a distance of about 10km (6mi) from the Capitol, by the ring-road (the Grande Raccordo Anulare or GRA). [23] However, none of them yet had an urban quality. [55] It is generally thought the population of the city until 300 AD was 1 million (estimates range from 2 million to 750,000) declining to 750800,000 in 400 AD, 450500,000 in 450 AD and down to 80100,000 in 500 AD (though it may have been twice this).[56]. The Vatican is an enclave of the Italian capital city and a sovereign possession of the Holy See, which is the Diocese of Rome and the supreme government of the Roman Catholic Church. Numerous highly important religious educational institutions are also in Rome, such as the Pontifical Lateran University, Pontifical Biblical Institute, Pontifical Gregorian University, and Pontifical Oriental Institute. During its first two centuries, the empire was ruled by emperors of the Julio-Claudian,[41] Flavian (who also built an eponymous amphitheatre, known as the Colosseum),[41] and Antonine dynasties. The official residences of the President of the Italian Republic and the Italian Prime Minister, the seats of both houses of the Italian Parliament and that of the Italian Constitutional Court are located in the historic centre. With 4.4 million inhabitants, nearly 3 million of these in Rome itself, it is Italy's largest urban region. [35] A major slave revolt under Spartacus followed,[36] and then the establishment of the first Triumvirate with Caesar, Pompey and Crassus. It will partly replace the existing Termini-Pantano rail line. Log InRegister In the coldest month, January, the average temperature is 12.6C (54.7F) during the day and 2.1C (35.8F) at night. It was liberated on 4 June 1944. [69] Mussolini was arrested on 25 July 1943. The harbour is formed by two piers and a breakwater, on which stands a lighthouse. To accomplish that, the Popes engaged the best artists of the time, including Michelangelo, Perugino, Raphael, Ghirlandaio, Luca Signorelli, Botticelli, and Cosimo Rosselli. The only bridge to remain unaltered until today from the classical age is Ponte dei Quattro Capi, which connects the Isola Tiberina with the left bank. In 296, he elevated Maximian to Augustus of the western half, where he ruled mostly from Mediolanum when not on the move. Of the 1,300 or so commercial premises operating in the district 800 are Chinese-owned; around 300 are run by immigrants from other countries around the world; 200 are owned by Italians. [142] Rome's economy grows at around 4.4% annually and continues to grow at a higher rate in comparison to any other city in the rest of the country. [73][74][75], The average relative humidity is 75%, varying from 72% in July to 77% in November. Rental unit in Roma Colonna Traiana Apartment This utterly unique apartment is located at the Roman heart of the Eternal City. The city became a major pilgrimage site during the Middle Ages. There are two main talking statues: the Pasquino and the Marforio, yet there are four other noted ones: il Babuino, Madama Lucrezia, il Facchino and Abbot Luigi. Later, after St Peter and St Paul were martyred in the city, and the first Christians began to arrive, Rome became Christian, and the Old St. Peter's Basilica was constructed in 313 AD. A 3-line metro system called the Metropolitana operates in the Metropolitan City of Rome. The historic centre is divided into 22 rioni, all of which are located within the Aurelian Walls except Prati and Borgo. The line was finally opened in 1955, and it is now the south part of the B Line. For the classical empire sometimes referred to as Rome, see, This hypothesis originates from the Roman Grammarian. Rome also had a 2003 GDP per capita of 29,153 (US$37,412), which was second in Italy (after Milan), and is more than 134.1% of the EU average GDP per capita. The Renaissance period changed the face of Rome dramatically, with works like the Piet by Michelangelo and the frescoes of the Borgia Apartments. The Metropolitan City of Capital Rome is a local government authority comprising within its borders the territory of the City of Rome and 120 other municipalities. The Persian Empire invaded from the east several times during the 230s to 260s but were eventually defeated. [92] Neil Christie, citing free rations for the poorest, estimated 500,000 in the mid-fifth century and still a quarter of a million at the end of the century. Rome hosts also the LUISS School of Government,[167] Italy's most important graduate university in the areas of international affairs and European studies as well as LUISS Business School, Italy's most important business school. Major luxury fashion houses and jewellery chains, such as Valentino, Bulgari, Fendi,[182] Laura Biagiotti, Brioni, and Renato Balestra, are headquartered or were founded in the city. [44], After the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian in 305 and a series of civil wars between rival claimants to imperial power, during the years 306313, the Tetrarchy was abandoned. The Papal States were restored in June 1800, but during Napoleon's reign Rome was annexed as a Dpartement of the French Empire: first as Dpartement du Tibre (18081810) and then as Dpartement Rome (18101814). [60] In this period the city was also shattered by continuous fights between the aristocratic families: Annibaldi, Caetani, Colonna, Orsini, Conti, nested in their fortresses built above ancient Roman edifices, fought each other to control the papacy. Known as MAXXI National Museum of the 21st Century Arts it restores a dilapidated area with striking modern architecture. [48] The weak emperors of the fifth century could not stop the decay, leading to the deposition of Romulus Augustus on 22 August 476, which marked the end of the Western Roman Empire and, for many historians, the beginning of the Middle Ages. Rome ISIA was founded in 1973 by Giulio Carlo Argan and is Italy's oldest institution in the field of industrial design. [23] This aggregation was facilitated by the increase of agricultural productivity above the subsistence level, which also allowed the establishment of secondary and tertiary activities. It will feature full automated, driverless trains. Both provinces are part of the region of Lazio. [59] The scandals of this period forced the papacy to reform itself: the election of the pope was reserved to the cardinals, and reform of the clergy was attempted. Location of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Law 142/1990 (Reform of local authorities), List of communes of the Metropolitan City of Capital Rome, "Codici delle citt metropolitane al 1 gennaio 2017", "Metropolitan cities in Italy. [71] The most notable part of this green space is represented by the large number of villas and landscaped gardens created by the Italian aristocracy. Rome is an important centre for music, and it has an intense musical scene, including several prestigious music conservatories and theatres. [60] Afterwards, a new pope faithful to the French was elected, and the papacy was briefly relocated to Avignon (13091377). Rome then became the focus of hopes of Italian reunification after the rest of Italy was united as the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 with the temporary capital in Florence. www.tirana.gov.al. [21] As early as the 4th century, there have been alternative theories proposed on the origin of the name Roma. On the date of the Italian Armistice 8 September 1943 the city was occupied by the Germans. It is 6 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Velletri and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Rome . Frontin, Les Aqueducs de la ville de Rome, translation and commentary by Pierre Grimal, Socit d'dition Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1944. Vallerano Quarries, Valleranello, Rome, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Lazio, Italy Locality type: Group of Quarries Other Languages: Italian: Cave di Vallerano, Valleranello, Roma, Citt metropolitana di Roma Capitale (Provincia di Roma), Lazio, Italia Book a stay in Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Lazio, Italy. Until 2011 the Stadio Flaminio was the home stadium for the Italy national rugby union team, which has been playing in the Six Nations Championship since 2000. Constantine the Great undertook a major reform of the bureaucracy, not by changing the structure but by rationalising the competencies of the several ministries during the years 325330, after he defeated Licinius, emperor in the East, at the end of 324. [140] The city was ranked in 2014 as 32nd in the Global Cities Index, the highest in Italy. An institution of federalism", Entry on Roma Tiburtina station on the official website of the Italian high-speed rail service, "Metro C, apre la Pantano-Centocelle: folla di romani all'inaugurazione", https://facebook.com/CittametropolitanaRomaCapitale, Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum, Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria, Monte Val de' Varri Monte Faito Monte San Nicola, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Rome_Capital&oldid=1160355664, Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Right-wing coalition Territorio e Partecipazione, This page was last edited on 16 June 2023, at 00:08. In the 1990s, an extension of the B line was opened from Termini to Rebibbia. Stephanie Malia Hom, "Consuming the View: Tourism, Rome, and the Topos of the Eternal City", Arnold HM Jones The Decline of the Ancient World, Lonmans, Green and Co. Ltd, London 1966, Richard Krautheimer, Rome, Profile of a City, 312-1308, 2000 p. 65, Bernard Lancon, Rome in Late Antiquity, 2001 p. 14. The most marked feature was the unprecedented intervention of the State down to the city level: whereas the State had submitted a tax demand to a city and allowed it to allocate the charges, from his reign the State did this down to the village level. Although not as important as Milan, Rome is the fourth most important centre for fashion in the world, according to the 2009 Global Language Monitor after Milan, New York, and Paris, and beating London.[181]. Rome is at the centre of the radial network of roads that roughly follow the lines of the ancient Roman roads which began at the Capitoline Hill and connected Rome with its empire. After this, the population declined slowly as people began to move to nearby suburbs. 2015), formerly known as the Province of Rome, is an administrative sub-division of the region Lazio Italy . [70] The Comune of Rome covers an overall area of about 1,285km2 (496sqmi), including many green areas. The city has had fountains for more than two thousand years, and they have provided drinking water and decorated the piazzas of Rome. 8 Most Popular Roman Appetizers - TasteAtlas What to eat in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital? The Metropolitan City replaced the old provincia di Roma, which included the city's metropolitan area and extends further north until Civitavecchia. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Rome grew by 6.54%, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.56%. The city's population declined to less than 50,000 people in the Early Middle Ages from 700 AD onward. [57] These three parties (theocratic, republican, and imperial) were a characteristic of Roman life during the entire Middle Ages. There was the so-called Gallic Empire from 260 to 274 and the revolts of Zenobia and her father from the mid-260s which sought to fend off Persian incursions. The Roman or Latin alphabet is the most widely used writing system in the world used by the greatest number of languages. . The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, formerly the Province of Rome, is an administrative region in the Lazio Region of Italy. [150] Rome contains numerous ancient sites, including the Forum Romanum, Trajan's Market, Trajan's Forum,[151] the Colosseum, and the Pantheon, to name but a few. .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}415335N 122858E / 41.89306N 12.48278E / 41.89306; 12.48278. It will have 22 stations over a distance of 20km (12mi). Rome also has a number of regional parks of much more recent origin, including the Pineto Regional Park and the Appian Way Regional Park. [66] During the Age of Enlightenment, new ideas reached the Eternal City, where the papacy supported archaeological studies and improved the people's welfare. [174], During the 17th and 18th century, the Roman popes reconstructed other degraded Roman aqueducts and built new display fountains to mark their termini, launching the golden age of the Roman fountain. Between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, each hill between the sea and the Capitol was topped by a village (on the Capitol Hill, a village is attested since the end of the 14th century BC). [78][79] When the Republic was founded in 509 BC the census recorded a population of 130,000. [42], After the end of the Severan Dynasty in 235, the Empire entered into a 50-year period known as the Crisis of the Third Century during which there were numerous putsches by generals, who sought to secure the region of the empire they were entrusted with due to the weakness of central authority in Rome. The population of the city had fallen from 800,000 to 450500,000 by the time the city was sacked in 455 by Genseric, king of the Vandals. Rome first became a major artistic centre during ancient Rome, with forms of important Roman art such as architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. What could not be so easily replaced were portable items such as artwork in precious metals and items for domestic use (loot). The territory of Vatican City is part of the Mons Vaticanus (Vatican Hill), and of the adjacent former Vatican Fields, where St. Peter's Basilica, the Apostolic Palace, the Sistine Chapel, and museums were built, along with various other buildings. Home spotlights in Metropolitan City of Rome Capital The Charms of Rome 5 guests 3 bedrooms Sant'Eustachio, Rome The Roman Way 8 guests 3 bedrooms Rione IV Campo Marzio, Rome Castor 4 guests 2 bedrooms Prati, Rome We selected the top 3% holiday homes in Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Vacation Rentals It is governed by a mayor and a city council. Rome contains many pontifical universities and other institutes, including the British School at Rome, the French School in Rome, the Pontifical Gregorian University (the oldest Jesuit university in the world, founded in 1551), Istituto Europeo di Design, the Scuola Lorenzo de' Medici, the Link Campus of Malta, and the Universit Campus Bio-Medico. The city hosted artists like Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli and Bramante, who built the temple of San Pietro in Montorio and planned a great project to renovate the Vatican. Rome has been a major Christian pilgrimage site since the Middle Ages.
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